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IRIX Base Documentation 1998 November
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IRIX 6.5.2 Base Documentation November 1998.img
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catman
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cat1
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X11
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Xserver.z
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Xserver
Wrap
Text File
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1998-10-20
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27KB
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595 lines
XXXXSSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR((((1111)))) XXXX VVVVeeeerrrrssssiiiioooonnnn 11111111 ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 6666....1111)))) XXXXSSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR((((1111))))
NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
Xserver - X Window System display server
SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
XXXX [option ...]
DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
_X is the generic name for the X Window System display
server. It is frequently a link or a copy of the
appropriate server binary for driving the most frequently
used server on a given machine.
SSSSTTTTAAAARRRRTTTTIIIINNNNGGGG TTTTHHHHEEEE SSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR
The X server is usually started from the X Display Manager
program _x_d_m(_1). This utility is run from the system boot
files and takes care of keeping the server running,
prompting for usernames and passwords, and starting up the
user sessions.
Installations that run more than one window system may need
to use the _x_i_n_i_t(_1) utility instead of _x_d_m. However, _x_i_n_i_t
is to be considered a tool for building startup scripts and
is not intended for use by end users. Site administrators
are ssssttttrrrroooonnnnggggllllyyyy urged to use _x_d_m, or build other interfaces for
novice users.
The X server may also be started directly by the user,
though this method is usually reserved for testing and is
not recommended for normal operation. On some platforms,
the user must have special permission to start the X server,
often because access to certain devices (e.g. /dev/mouse) is
restricted.
When the X server starts up, it typically takes over the
display. If you are running on a workstation whose console
is the display, you may not be able to log into the console
while the server is running.
OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
All of the X servers accept the following command line
options:
::::_d_i_s_p_l_a_y_n_u_m_b_e_r
the X server runs as the given _d_i_s_p_l_a_y_n_u_m_b_e_r, which
by default is 0. If multiple X servers are to run
simultaneously on a host, each must have a unique
display number. See the DISPLAY NAMES section of
the _X(_1) manual page to learn how to specify which
display number clients should try to use.
----aaaa _n_u_m_b_e_r
sets pointer acceleration (i.e. the ratio of how
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much is reported to how much the user actually moved
the pointer).
----aaaacccc disables host-based access control mechanisms.
Enables access by any host, and permits any host to
modify the access control list. Use with extreme
caution. This option exists primarily for running
test suites remotely.
----aaaauuuuddddiiiitttt _l_e_v_e_l
Sets the audit trail level. The default level is 1,
meaning only connection rejections are reported.
Level 2 additionally reports all successful
connections and disconnects. Level 0 turns off the
audit trail. Audit lines are sent as standard error
output.
----aaaauuuutttthhhh _a_u_t_h_o_r_i_z_a_t_i_o_n-_f_i_l_e
Specifies a file which contains a collection of
authorization records used to authenticate access.
See also the _x_d_m and _X_s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y manual pages.
bbbbcccc disables certain kinds of error checking, for bug
compatibility with previous releases (e.g., to work
around bugs in R2 and R3 xterms and toolkits).
Deprecated.
----bbbbssss disables backing store support on all screens.
----cccc turns off key-click.
cccc _v_o_l_u_m_e
sets key-click volume (allowable range: 0-100).
----cccccccc _c_l_a_s_s
sets the visual class for the root window of color
screens. The class numbers are as specified in the
X protocol. Not obeyed by all servers.
----ccccoooo _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
sets name of RGB color database. The default is
<XRoot>/lib/X11/rgb, where <XRoot> refers to the
root of the X11 install tree.
----ccccoooonnnnffffiiiigggg _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
reads more options from the given file. Options in
the file may be separated by newlines if desired.
If a '#' character appears on a line, all characters
between it and the next newline are ignored,
providing a simple commenting facility. The ----ccccoooonnnnffffiiiigggg
option itself may appear in the file.
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XXXXSSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR((((1111)))) XXXX VVVVeeeerrrrssssiiiioooonnnn 11111111 ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 6666....1111)))) XXXXSSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR((((1111))))
----ccccoooorrrreeee causes the server to generate a core dump on fatal
errors.
----ddddppppiiii _r_e_s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n
sets the resolution of the screen, in dots per inch.
To be used when the server cannot determine the
screen size from the hardware.
----ddddeeeeffffeeeerrrrggggllllyyyypppphhhhssss _w_h_i_c_h_f_o_n_t_s
specifies the types of fonts for which the server
should attempt to use deferred glyph loading.
_w_h_i_c_h_f_o_n_t_s can be all (all fonts), none (no fonts),
or 16 (16 bit fonts only).
----ffff _v_o_l_u_m_e
sets feep (bell) volume (allowable range: 0-100).
----ffffcccc _c_u_r_s_o_r_F_o_n_t
sets default cursor font.
----ffffnnnn _f_o_n_t
sets the default font.
----ffffpppp _f_o_n_t_P_a_t_h
sets the search path for fonts. This path is a
comma separated list of directories which the X
server searches for font databases.
----hhhheeeellllpppp prints a usage message.
----IIII causes all remaining command line arguments to be
ignored.
----kkkkbbbb disables the XKEYBOARD extension if present.
----pppp _m_i_n_u_t_e_s
sets screen-saver pattern cycle time in minutes.
----ppppnnnn permits the server to continue running if it fails
to establish all of its well-known sockets
(connection points for clients), but establishes at
least one.
----rrrr turns off auto-repeat.
rrrr turns on auto-repeat.
----ssss _m_i_n_u_t_e_s
sets screen-saver timeout time in minutes.
----ssssuuuu disables save under support on all screens.
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XXXXSSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR((((1111)))) XXXX VVVVeeeerrrrssssiiiioooonnnn 11111111 ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 6666....1111)))) XXXXSSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR((((1111))))
----tttt _n_u_m_b_e_r
sets pointer acceleration threshold in pixels (i.e.
after how many pixels pointer acceleration should
take effect).
----tttteeeerrrrmmmmiiiinnnnaaaatttteeee
causes the server to terminate at server reset,
instead of continuing to run.
----ttttoooo _s_e_c_o_n_d_s
sets default connection timeout in seconds.
----ttttsssstttt disables all testing extensions (e.g., XTEST, XTrap,
XTestExtension1).
ttttttttyyyy_x_x ignored, for servers started the ancient way (from
init).
vvvv sets video-off screen-saver preference.
----vvvv sets video-on screen-saver preference.
----wwwwmmmm forces the default backing-store of all windows to
be WhenMapped. This is a backdoor way of getting
backing-store to apply to all windows. Although all
mapped windows will have backing store, the backing
store attribute value reported by the server for a
window will be the last value established by a
client. If it has never been set by a client, the
server will report the default value, NotUseful.
This behavior is required by the X protocol, which
allows the server to exceed the client's backing
store expectations but does not provide a way to
tell the client that it is doing so.
----xxxx _e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n
loads the specified extension at init. This is a
no-op for most implementations.
SSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR DDDDEEEEPPPPEEEENNNNDDDDEEEENNNNTTTT OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
Some X servers accept the following options:
----lllldddd _k_i_l_o_b_y_t_e_s
sets the data space limit of the server to the
specified number of kilobytes. A value of zero
makes the data size as large as possible. The
default value of -1 leaves the data space limit
unchanged.
----llllffff _f_i_l_e_s
sets the number-of-open-files limit of the server to
the specified number. A value is zero makes the
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XXXXSSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR((((1111)))) XXXX VVVVeeeerrrrssssiiiioooonnnn 11111111 ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 6666....1111)))) XXXXSSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR((((1111))))
limit as large as possible. The default value of -1
leaves the limit unchanged.
----llllssss _k_i_l_o_b_y_t_e_s
sets the stack space limit of the server to the
specified number of kilobytes. A value of zero
makes the stack size as large as possible. The
default value of -1 leaves the stack space limit
unchanged.
----llllooooggggoooo turns on the X Window System logo display in the
screen-saver. There is currently no way to change
this from a client.
nnnnoooollllooooggggoooo turns off the X Window System logo display in the
screen-saver. There is currently no way to change
this from a client.
XXXXDDDDMMMMCCCCPPPP OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
X servers that support XDMCP have the following options.
See the _X _D_i_s_p_l_a_y _M_a_n_a_g_e_r _C_o_n_t_r_o_l _P_r_o_t_o_c_o_l specification for
more information.
----qqqquuuueeeerrrryyyy _h_o_s_t-_n_a_m_e
Enable XDMCP and send Query packets to the specified
host.
----bbbbrrrrooooaaaaddddccccaaaasssstttt
Enable XDMCP and broadcast BroadcastQuery packets to
the network. The first responding display manager
will be chosen for the session.
----iiiinnnnddddiiiirrrreeeecccctttt _h_o_s_t-_n_a_m_e
Enable XDMCP and send IndirectQuery packets to the
specified host.
----ppppoooorrrrtttt _p_o_r_t-_n_u_m
Use an alternate port number for XDMCP packets.
Must be specified before any -query, -broadcast or
-indirect options.
----ccccllllaaaassssssss _d_i_s_p_l_a_y-_c_l_a_s_s
XDMCP has an additional display qualifier used in
resource lookup for display-specific options. This
option sets that value, by default it is "MIT-
Unspecified" (not a very useful value).
----ccccooooooookkkkiiiieeee _x_d_m-_a_u_t_h-_b_i_t_s
When testing XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1, a private key is
shared between the server and the manager. This
option sets the value of that private data (not that
it is very private, being on the command line!).
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XXXXSSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR((((1111)))) XXXX VVVVeeeerrrrssssiiiioooonnnn 11111111 ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 6666....1111)))) XXXXSSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR((((1111))))
----ddddiiiissssppppllllaaaayyyyIIIIDDDD _d_i_s_p_l_a_y-_i_d
Yet another XDMCP specific value, this one allows
the display manager to identify each display so that
it can locate the shared key.
XXXXKKKKEEEEYYYYBBBBOOOOAAAARRRRDDDD OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
X servers that support the XKEYBOARD extension accept the
following options:
----xxxxkkkkbbbbddddiiiirrrr _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y
base directory for keyboard layout files
----xxxxkkkkbbbbmmmmaaaapppp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
keyboard description to load on startup
[[[[++++----]]]]aaaacccccccceeeessssssssxxxx
enable(+) or disable(-) AccessX key sequences
----aaaarrrr1111 _m_i_l_l_i_s_e_c_o_n_d_s
sets the length of time in milliseconds that a key
must be depressed before autorepeat starts
----aaaarrrr2222 _m_i_l_l_i_s_e_c_o_n_d_s
sets the length of time in milliseconds that should
elapse between autorepeat-generated keystrokes
Many servers also have device-specific command line options.
See the manual pages for the individual servers for more
details.
NNNNEEEETTTTWWWWOOOORRRRKKKK CCCCOOOONNNNNNNNEEEECCCCTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
The X server supports client connections via a platform-
dependent subset of the following transport types: TCP/IP,
Unix Domain sockets, DECnet, and several varieties of SVR4
local connections. See the DISPLAY NAMES section of the
_X(_1) manual page to learn how to specify which transport
type clients should try to use.
SSSSEEEECCCCUUUURRRRIIIITTTTYYYY
The X server implements a platform-dependent subset of the
following authorization protocols: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1, XDM-
AUTHORIZATION-1, SUN-DES-1, and MIT-KERBEROS-5. See the
_X_s_e_c_u_r_i_t_y(_1) manual page for information on the operation of
these protocols.
Authorization data required by the above protocols is passed
to the server in a private file named with the ----aaaauuuutttthhhh command
line option. Each time the server is about to accept the
first connection after a reset (or when the server is
starting), it reads this file. If this file contains any
authorization records, the local host is not automatically
allowed access to the server, and only clients which send
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XXXXSSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR((((1111)))) XXXX VVVVeeeerrrrssssiiiioooonnnn 11111111 ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 6666....1111)))) XXXXSSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR((((1111))))
one of the authorization records contained in the file in
the connection setup information will be allowed access.
See the _X_a_u manual page for a description of the binary
format of this file. See _x_a_u_t_h(_1) for maintenance of this
file, and distribution of its contents to remote hosts.
The X server also uses a host-based access control list for
deciding whether or not to accept connections from clients
on a particular machine. If no other authorization
mechanism is being used, this list initially consists of the
host on which the server is running as well as any machines
listed in the file /_e_t_c/_Xnnnn._h_o_s_t_s, where nnnn is the display
number of the server. Each line of the file should contain
either an Internet hostname (e.g. expo.lcs.mit.edu) or a
DECnet hostname in double colon format (e.g. hydra::).
There should be no leading or trailing spaces on any lines.
For example:
joesworkstation
corporate.company.com
star::
bigcpu::
Users can add or remove hosts from this list and enable or
disable access control using the _x_h_o_s_t command from the same
machine as the server.
The X protocol intrinsically does not have any notion of
window operation permissions or place any restrictions on
what a client can do; if a program can connect to a display,
it has full run of the screen. Sites that have better
authentication and authorization systems might wish to make
use of the hooks in the libraries and the server to provide
additional security models.
SSSSIIIIGGGGNNNNAAAALLLLSSSS
The X server attaches special meaning to the following
signals:
_S_I_G_H_U_P This signal causes the server to close all existing
connections, free all resources, and restore all
defaults. It is sent by the display manager
whenever the main user's main application (usually
an _x_t_e_r_m or window manager) exits to force the
server to clean up and prepare for the next user.
_S_I_G_T_E_R_M This signal causes the server to exit cleanly.
_S_I_G_U_S_R_1 This signal is used quite differently from either of
the above. When the server starts, it checks to see
if it has inherited SIGUSR1 as SIG_IGN instead of
the usual SIG_DFL. In this case, the server sends a
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SIGUSR1 to its parent process after it has set up
the various connection schemes. _X_d_m uses this
feature to recognize when connecting to the server
is possible.
FFFFOOOONNNNTTTTSSSS
The X server can obtain fonts from directories and/or from
font servers. The list of directories and font servers the
X server uses when trying to open a font is controlled by
the _f_o_n_t _p_a_t_h.
The default font path is "<XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/misc/,
<XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo/, <XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/,
<XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/, <XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/
where <XRoot> refers to the root of the X11 install tree.
The font path can be set with the ----ffffpppp option or by _x_s_e_t(_1)
after the server has started.
FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
/etc/Xnnnn.hosts Initial access control list
for display number nnnn
<XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi
<XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/misc, <XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi,
Bitmap font directories
<XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo, <XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/Type1
Outline font directories
<XRoot>/lib/X11/fonts/PEX PEX font directories
<XRoot>/lib/X11/rgb.txt Color database
/tmp/.X11-unix/Xnnnn Unix domain socket for display
number nnnn
/tmp/rcXnnnn Kerberos 5 replay cache for
display number nnnn
/usr/adm/Xnnnnmsgs Error log file for display
number nnnn if run from _i_n_i_t(_8)
<XRoot>/lib/X11/xdm/xdm-errors
Default error log file if the
server is run from _x_d_m(_1)
Note: <XRoot> refers to the root of the X11 install tree.
SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
General information: X(1)
Page 8 (printed 4/30/98)
XXXXSSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR((((1111)))) XXXX VVVVeeeerrrrssssiiiioooonnnn 11111111 ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 6666....1111)))) XXXXSSSSEEEERRRRVVVVEEEERRRR((((1111))))
Protocols: _X _W_i_n_d_o_w _S_y_s_t_e_m _P_r_o_t_o_c_o_l, _T_h_e _X _F_o_n_t _S_e_r_v_i_c_e
_P_r_o_t_o_c_o_l, _X _D_i_s_p_l_a_y _M_a_n_a_g_e_r _C_o_n_t_r_o_l _P_r_o_t_o_c_o_l
Fonts: bdftopcf(1), mkfontdir(1), xfs(1), xlsfonts(1),
xfontsel(1), xfd(1), _X _L_o_g_i_c_a_l _F_o_n_t _D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_s
Security: Xsecurity(1), xauth(1), Xau(1), xdm(1), xhost(1)
Starting the server: xdm(1), xinit(1)
Controlling the server once started: xset(1), xsetroot(1),
xhost(1)
Server-specific man pages: Xdec(1), XmacII(1), Xsun(1),
Xnest(1), Xvfb(1), XF86_Accel(1), XF86_Mono(1),
XF86_SVGA(1), XF86_VGA16(1), XFree86(1)
Server internal documentation: _D_e_f_i_n_i_t_i_o_n _o_f _t_h_e _P_o_r_t_i_n_g
_L_a_y_e_r _f_o_r _t_h_e _X _v_1_1 _S_a_m_p_l_e _S_e_r_v_e_r, _S_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s _f_o_r _P_o_r_t_i_n_g
_t_h_e _X _v_1_1 _S_a_m_p_l_e _S_e_r_v_e_r, _G_o_d_z_i_l_l_a'_s _G_u_i_d_e _t_o _P_o_r_t_i_n_g _t_h_e _X
_V_1_1 _S_a_m_p_l_e _S_e_r_v_e_r
AAAAUUUUTTTTHHHHOOOORRRRSSSS
The sample server was originally written by Susan
Angebranndt, Raymond Drewry, Philip Karlton, and Todd
Newman, from Digital Equipment Corporation, with support
from a large cast. It has since been extensively rewritten
by Keith Packard and Bob Scheifler, from MIT.
Page 9 (printed 4/30/98)